Prophet Muhammad (c. 570 / 571 CE – June 8, 632 CE) was the founder of Islam, regarded by Muslims as the last messenger of God (Allah). Born in Mecca to the Quraysh tribe, he received revelations from Allah via the angel Gabriel, compiling them into the Quran. His life, marked by prophethood, migration (Hijra), and leadership, unified Arabia under Islam, leaving a legacy that shapes over a billion lives today.
Jesus Christ (c. 7 BCE – c. 30 or 33 CE), the central figure of Christianity, is believed by Christians to be the Son of God and the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament. Born on December 25, 7 BCE, in Bethlehem to Mary and Joseph, according to traditional Christian accounts (e.g., Matthew, Luke), his life—spanning ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection—forms the foundation of Christian theology. This biography uses the proposed birth date of December 25, 7 BCE, though historical estimates vary (e.g., 6–4 BCE).
Augustus Caesar (September 23, 63 BCE – August 19, 14 CE), born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was the first Roman emperor, reigning from 27 BCE until his death. Adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar, he rose to power after Caesar’s assassination, defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (31 BCE). His reign ushered in the Pax Romana, transforming Rome into an empire with lasting legal, architectural, and cultural legacies.
