Aurangzeb (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), born Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad, was the sixth Mughal emperor, ruling from 1658 to 1707. The third son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal, he ascended after a fratricidal war of succession, expanding the empire to its greatest territorial extent while enforcing orthodox Islamic policies. His reign saw military successes but also rebellions and economic strain, leaving a complex legacy of administration and religious conservatism.
The Lagna is the mystic sign of Aquarius, and has Jupiter rising. But the combined aspects of Mars and Saturn conferred the worst characteristics of bigotry and fanaticism. Whilst the exaltation of the karaka of the mind, viz., the Moon in the 4th indicates vast ability and patience, his association with Saturn and his occupation of the constellation of the Sun, who is in debility, made Aurangzeb habitually suspicious. Mark the fact that except Lagna all the kendras have malefics, while Lagna is subject to malefic aspects, producing Daitya Yoga, the result being a detestable hypocrisy.
Lord of the 10th Mars, the planet of war and aggression, is in the 7th while in the Navamsa he is very strongly placed in his own sign. This gave him a spirit of aggression, an insatiable ambition and an unscrupulous employment of means to attain his ends.
Aurangzeb's marriage with Dilras Banu Begum, a Persian princess, took place just at the end of Mars Dasa.
The 10th and 4th (action and thinking) are not clean, subjected as they are to the aspects of two first-rate malefics. This gave Aurangzeb, hypocrisy and unscrupulous ambition. He imprisond his father in Agra, confined his brother Murad in Gwalior, beheaded his brother Dara, proclaiming him as an apostate from the faith by a mock tribunal Dara's sons were imprisoned, a son of Murad was poisoned and Murad himself put to death in prison. Ths Sikh Guru Tej Bahadur was put to death because he refused to become a Muslim, and Sambajee, the son of Shivaji, was executed with barbarous torture because he spurned the indecent offer of the Emperor that Sambajee would be spared if he could become a Mohammedan.
Yearwise Biography
- 1618: Born on November 3 in Dahod, Gujarat, to Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal, the third son among 14 children.
- 1628: At age 10, father became emperor; began military training under tutors.
- 1636: At 18, appointed viceroy of Deccan, gaining early administrative experience.
- 1644: Married Dilras Banu Begum; had seven children, including Azam Shah and Akbar.
- 1657: At 39, led campaigns in Deccan during Shah Jahan’s illness, positioning for succession.
- 1658: Defeated brothers Dara Shikoh, Shuja, and Murad Bakhsh in a war of succession; imprisoned Shah Jahan, declared emperor on July 21 in Agra.
- 1659: Executed Dara Shikoh, consolidating power; began centralizing administration.
- 1661: Reimposed jizya tax on non-Muslims, signaling orthodox policies.
- 1665: Annexed Bijapur after a prolonged siege, expanding south.
- 1669: Ordered destruction of Hindu temples (e.g., Kashi Vishwanath), escalating religious tensions.
- 1672: Conquered Golconda, completing Deccan conquests.
- 1675: Executed Guru Tegh Bahadur, sparking Sikh resistance.
- 1679: Reintroduced jizya, alienated Hindu subjects; faced Maratha guerrilla warfare under Shivaji.
- 1681: Captured Shivaji’s son Sambhaji, executed him in 1689, but Marathas persisted.
- 1686: Conquered Bijapur and Golconda, peaking territorial expansion.
- 1700: Moved to Deccan to suppress Maratha rebellion, living in a tented camp.
- 1707: Died on March 3 in Ahmednagar at age 88 from natural causes (possibly illness); buried in Khuldabad, succeeded by son Bahadur Shah I.
Family
- Parents: Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal.
- Wives: Dilras Banu Begum, Nawab Bai, others (total 7-9).
- Children: Azam Shah, Akbar, Muhammad Sultan, others (6 sons, 1 daughter survived infancy).
Health
- Robust in youth; frail in later years due to campaigning; died naturally.
Wealth
- Inherited vast empire wealth; spent heavily on wars, leaving treasury strained.
Honors
- Titled Alamgir (World-Seizer); no formal awards, but known for legal and military prowess.
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