Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (November 30, 1858 – November 23, 1937) was an Indian polymath, physicist, biologist, and archaeologist, often hailed as the father of radio science in India.
Born in Mymensingh, Bengal Presidency (now Bangladesh), to a Bengali Kayastha family, he pioneered millimeter-wave research, invented the crescograph for plant physiology, and demonstrated plant responses to stimuli akin to animal nerves. A self-funded innovator who faced racial discrimination, he bridged physics and biology, authoring books like Response in the Living and Non-Living (1902). Knighted in 1917, he ranked seventh in a 2004 BBC poll of the Greatest Bengalis.
Yearwise Biography
- 1858: Born on November 30 in Mymensingh, Bengal Presidency (now Bangladesh), to Bhagavan Chandra Bose (a deputy magistrate and Brahmo Samaj leader) and Bama Sundari Devi.
- 1869: At age 11, sent to Calcutta for English education at St. Xavier's School, where he studied under Fr. Eugene Lafont, igniting his scientific curiosity.
- 1877: Graduated with a B.A. in natural sciences from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta University, excelling in botany and physics.
- 1879: Began medicine at the University of London but switched to natural sciences due to health issues; studied physics at Christ's College, Cambridge.
- 1884: Earned a B.Sc. from the University of London and a natural sciences tripos from Cambridge; returned to India.
- 1885: Appointed professor of physical science at Presidency College, Calcutta, facing discrimination as the first Indian appointee; salary withheld for refusing to accept lower pay than Europeans.
- 1894: Invented the mercury coherer, an improved detector for radio waves, predating Marconi's work; demonstrated at the Royal Institution, London.
- 1895: Patented the radio wave detector in Britain and the U.S. (first Indian to receive a U.S. patent); generated millimeter waves as short as 5 mm.
- 1896: Demonstrated transatlantic radio signal reception before Marconi; refused to commercialize, focusing on science.
- 1900: Pioneered chiral media experiments with microwaves using twisted jute, influencing modern metamaterials.
- 1901: Demonstrated plant responses to poisons at the Royal Society, London, using sensitive recorders; shifted focus to plant physiology.
- 1902: Published Response in the Living and Non-Living, arguing similarities between plant and animal responses.
- 1904: Invented the crescograph, magnifying plant movements 10,000 times, proving plant "nervous" responses.
- 1914: Founded the Bose Research Institute in Calcutta with his Nobel Prize money, focusing on interdisciplinary science.
- 1917: Knighted by King George V for contributions to science.
- 1926: Published The Nervous Mechanism of Plants, advancing plant neurobiology.
- 1927: Elected Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).
- 1937: Died on November 23 in Giridih, Bihar, aged 78, from heart failure; a week before his 79th birthday.
Family
- Parents: Bhagavan Chandra Bose and Bama Sundari Devi.
- Wife: Abala Bose (married 1900, a social reformer).
- Children: None; adopted a nephew.
Health
- Switched from medicine due to early health issues; died of heart failure.
Wealth
- Self-funded research, donated savings to found the Bose Institute; lived modestly.
Honors
- Knighted (1917); FRS (1927); IEEE Milestone (2012) for radio work; Google Doodle (2016); ranked 7th Greatest Bengali (2004 BBC poll).
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