Sri Ramana Maharshi (December 30, 1879 – April 14, 1950), born Venkataraman Iyer, was an influential Indian sage and jivanmukta (liberated soul) known for his teachings on self-inquiry ("Who am I?") and Advaita Vedanta.
Born in Tiruchuzhi, Tamil Nadu, to a Tamil Brahmin family, he experienced spontaneous enlightenment at 16 and spent his life at Arunachala Hill in Tiruvannamalai, attracting devotees worldwide. His silent presence and works like Nan Yar? emphasized the direct path to self-realization.
Yearwise Biography
- 1879: Born on December 30 in Tiruchuzhi, Tamil Nadu, to Sundaram Iyer (a lawyer) and Alagammal, the second of three sons in a devout Brahmin family.
- 1891: At age 11, father Sundaram died; family moved to Madurai, where Venkataraman attended Scott's Middle School and American Mission High School.
- 1896: At age 16 (July 17), experienced his death-experience in Madurai, realizing the eternal Self and attaining permanent enlightenment; family called the house "Sri Ramana Mandiram."
- 1896: In August, left Madurai for Arunachala (Tiruvannamalai), arriving on September 1; stayed at Arunachaleswara Temple's Patala Lingam, adopting a silent, ascetic life.
- 1897: Moved to Virupaksha Cave on Arunachala Hill, beginning 17 years of seclusion; first devotees, including local residents, gathered around him.
- 1907: Visited by Kavyakanta Ganapati Muni (November 18), who, after receiving upadesa (spiritual instruction), proclaimed him "Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi."
- 1911: Mother's health declined; devotees urged him to write his first prose work, Nan Yar? (Who Am I?), a concise guide to self-inquiry.
- 1916: Mother's condition worsened; Ramana moved to Skandashram on Arunachala for her care.
- 1922: Mother Alagammal died on May 19; buried at the foot of Arunachala, leading to the founding of Sri Ramanasramam around her samadhi (tomb).
- 1926: Published Self-Realization (Vichara Singam), a compilation of his teachings; ashram expanded with a hall for devotees.
- 1930s: Attracted international visitors, including Paul Brunton (1931), whose book A Search in Secret India popularized Ramana globally; composed hymns like Aksharamanamalai.
- 1940s: Health declined due to a sarcoma in his left elbow (diagnosed 1947); underwent four surgeries but refused anesthesia, enduring pain with equanimity.
- 1950: Died on April 14 (Maha Samadhi) at age 70; thousands attended; his body was interred in the ashram's new hall, now Sri Ramanasramam.
Family
- Parents: Sundaram Iyer and Alagammal.
- Siblings: Two brothers (Nagasundaram and Nagaswami).
- Wife/Children: None (celibate after enlightenment).
Health
- Robust youth; later suffered from an inoperable sarcoma in his arm, causing chronic pain; died peacefully of natural causes related to the tumor.
Wealth
- Lived ascetically on ashram donations; no personal possessions, emphasizing spiritual simplicity.
Honors
- Titled "Bhagavan Sri Ramana Maharshi" by Ganapati Muni; revered posthumously; Sri Ramanasramam attracts millions annually; featured in global spiritual literature.
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