Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948), affectionately known as Mahatma (Great Soul), was the preeminent leader of India’s nonviolent independence movement against British rule.
Born in Porbandar, Gujarat, to a Bania family, he trained as a lawyer in London, developed Satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) in South Africa, and led India to freedom in 1947. His philosophy of Ahimsa (nonviolence) and self-reliance inspired global civil rights movements, though his life ended by an assassin’s bullet in 1948.